Modern apartment near the park Entire home · 1 bedroom Rated 5.00 - Revenue
- ₴426,846
- Occupancy
- 64.6%
- Daily rate
- ₴1,794
Airbnb market data · 202612 months to September 2026
The average Airbnb in Dnipro brought in ₴66,430 over the 12 months through September 2026, about 42% less than the national average of ₴115,211.
The short answer
Rates and bookings both trail the national average. Listings averaged ₴1,656 a night and were booked on 22% of available nights, against ₴2,290 and 26% for the national average.
July, usually the best month, brings in about 79% more per listing than December, usually the slowest.
AirROI tracked 128 active listings in Dnipro. From a year earlier, average revenue fell 7% while the number of active listings shrank 5%.
Browse the live Dnipro Airbnb market
See Every Dnipro Listing
Revenue
Gross bookings per Dnipro listing averaged ₴66,430 over the 12 months to September 2026 (Ukraine average: ₴115,211), before cleaning, platform and management costs and taxes.
In a typical year, the average Dnipro listing brings in ₴18,200 in July, its best month, and ₴10,200 in December, its slowest. January runs within 1% of December, so either can be the slowest in a given year. The three strongest months bring in 32% of a full year's revenue, where an even calendar would give any three months 25%.
In a typical month, a top-quarter listing earns at least 5.2 times as much as a bottom-quarter one.
These are monthly figures for listings active in each month. The annual average above also counts listings that operated for only part of the year, so it runs below twelve times these figures.
July earns about 1.8 times what December does
Average revenue per active listing, by month, September 2024 to August 2026
The dashed line is the average of the months shown, ₴12,800. Each point is one month as recorded, averaged over the listings active in it. The best and slowest months in the text average each calendar month over the past two years, so they can differ from the highest and lowest points here.
Latest 12 months in the September 2026 data. September's figures are still coming in, so the rows run to August.
August 2026 led on revenue, nightly rate and bookings alike. Across the past two years, July is usually the strongest month.
| Month | Avg. Revenue | Occupancy | Avg. Nightly Rate | RevPAR | Booking Lead Time | Avg. Length of Stay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 2025 | ₴11,323 | 24.8% | ₴1,758 | ₴377 | 14 days | 3.7 nights |
| Oct 2025 | ₴13,634 | 27.8% | ₴1,755 | ₴440 | 13 days | 4.7 nights |
| Nov 2025 | ₴13,702 | 28.6% | ₴1,741 | ₴457 | 7 days | 4.5 nights |
| Dec 2025 | ₴9,914 | 20.6% | ₴1,754 | ₴320 | 10 days | 3.7 nights |
| Jan 2026 | ₴9,484 | 19.5% | ₴1,741 | ₴306 | 10 days | 4.2 nights |
| Feb 2026 | ₴8,348 | 21.2% | ₴1,725 | ₴298 | 5 days | 3.1 nights |
| Mar 2026 | ₴9,603 | 20.9% | ₴1,742 | ₴310 | 8 days | 4.6 nights |
| Apr 2026 | ₴11,730 | 23.4% | ₴1,775 | ₴391 | 13 days | 4.7 nights |
| May 2026 | ₴14,152 | 26.4% | ₴1,859 | ₴457 | 6 days | 5 nights |
| Jun 2026 | ₴14,829 | 24.4% | ₴1,864 | ₴494 | 5 days | 4.6 nights |
| Jul 2026 | ₴17,790 | 27.9% | ₴1,883 | ₴574 | 9 days | 5.8 nights |
| Aug 2026 | ₴18,122 | 30.2% | ₴1,890 | ₴585 | 8 days | 4.2 nights |
Averages per active listing in each month. Highlighted: the highest-revenue month of the 12. RevPAR is the month's revenue spread over its nights, booked or not. Booking lead time is the days between booking and check-in, and length of stay the nights per booking, for stays in that month.
Location, size and how a home is run move its income far more than a city average shows. For a range on one Dnipro address, run it through the short-term rental calculator.
Profit
Yes, as extra income from a home or room you already have. The average Dnipro Airbnb took in ₴66,430 in the 12 months to September 2026, counting listings open only part of the year, and a listing in the top quarter, run by its owner at everyday costs, keeps about ₴8,690 a month after running costs.
These amounts come before housing costs. Where the mortgage or rent is less each month, the difference is profit; a home owned outright keeps it all after property tax, home insurance and any building or condo fees.
| Line | Average listing | Top-quarter listing |
|---|---|---|
| Money in | ||
| Nightly bookings | ₴64,480 | ₴134,550 |
| Cleaning fees guests pay3% of Dnipro bookings | ₴1,950 | ₴4,070 |
| Gross bookings | ₴66,430 | ₴138,620 |
| Running costs | ||
| Airbnb's feeAbout 11%: 15.5% for the 65% of Dnipro listings on Simplified Pricing, 3% for the rest | −₴7,380 | −₴15,390 |
| Cleaning and laundryPaid for by the cleaning fee; ₴0 if you clean yourself | −₴1,950 | −₴4,070 |
| Utilities and internetAbout 5% of bookings | −₴3,320 | −₴6,930 |
| Guest suppliesToiletries, coffee, paper goods: about 2% | −₴1,330 | −₴2,770 |
| Repairs and upkeepIncluding linens and small replacements: about 3% | −₴1,990 | −₴4,160 |
| Short-term rental insuranceOne policy, on top of Airbnb's free AirCover | −₴660 | −₴660 |
| Permit and registrationWhere one is required | −₴330 | −₴330 |
| Management₴0 when you run it; co-hosts charge from about 10% of nightly bookings | ₴0 | ₴0 |
| Pricing and messaging toolsOptional; Airbnb's own tools are free | ₴0 | ₴0 |
| Lodging taxesAdded to the guest's bill and passed on | ₴0 | ₴0 |
| Total running costsAbout 23% of bookings, plus cleaning paid for by the cleaning fee | −₴16,960 | −₴34,310 |
| Left for housing costs, then profit | ₴49,470about ₴4,120 a month | ₴104,310about ₴8,690 a month |
| Housing costs | ||
| Mortgage or rent, property tax, home insurance, building or condo fees | Depend on the home | |
The estimate starts from Dnipro's average listing, run by its owner. Change how the listing performs, who runs it and who cleans to see what is left for the mortgage or rent.
To work out the profit on one Dnipro home, with its price, its mortgage or rent and your own costs, use the Airbnb profit calculator. It starts from the comparable listings around the address.
What a listing keeps comes down to the figures this page measures: nightly rate, nights booked and the months it's open. A listing at the top-quarter mark takes in about ₴11,550 a month, against ₴5,540 for the average one.
Occupancy
Dnipro listings were booked on 22% of the nights they were open over the past year, 4 percentage points below the Ukraine average (26%). In a typical year, occupancy stays within a narrow band, from 21% in January to 29% in August.
The busiest tenth of listings are booked about 7.8 times as often as the bottom quarter.
August is usually the busiest month in Dnipro, January the quietest
Share of open nights booked, by month, September 2024 to August 2026
The 12-month rate of 22% averages each listing's whole year, slow months included; each month here counts only the listings booked in it.
Nightly rates
The average nightly rate in Dnipro, known as ADR (average daily rate), was ₴1,656 over the past year, about 28% below the Ukraine average of ₴2,290. Averaged month by month over the past two years, rates barely change through the year, staying between about ₴1,725 and ₴1,820.
The top 10% charge about 2.3 times the rate of the bottom quarter.
Average nightly rate by month in Dnipro
Average nightly rate (ADR), by month, September 2024 to August 2026
The dashed line is the average of the months shown, ₴1,770. The 12-month ADR of ₴1,656 averages each listing's own rate across its whole year; the monthly points average listings month by month, so the two differ.
RevPAR, or revenue per available night, divides a listing's income by every night it was open to book, so it rises with both price and bookings. In Dnipro it averaged ₴357 over the past year, from about ₴328 in a typical December to about ₴586 in a typical July.
Per open night, by tier:
July RevPAR is about 1.8 times December's
Revenue per open night (RevPAR), by month, September 2024 to August 2026
The dashed line is the average of the months shown, ₴419. The 12-month RevPAR of ₴357 averages each listing's whole year, slow months included; each month here counts only the listings booked in it.
Seasonality
Dnipro has one high season, May through August, which makes it a moderately seasonal market. Business is slowest from November to March and slows again in September. A listing earns about 57% more a month in June through August than in December through February.
Average revenue by month in Dnipro
Average revenue per active listing, each calendar month averaged over the past two years
The dashed line is the average of the 12 calendar months, ₴12,800.
| Month | Season | Revenue per listing |
|---|---|---|
| January | Low season | ₴10,200 |
| February | Low season | ₴10,300 |
| March | Low season | ₴11,000 |
| April | Shoulder season | ₴13,100 |
| May | High season | ₴14,400 |
| June | High season | ₴14,000 |
| July | High season | ₴18,200 |
| August | High season | ₴16,000 |
| September | Low season | ₴11,400 |
| October | Shoulder season | ₴12,700 |
| November | Low season | ₴11,700 |
| December | Low season | ₴10,200 |
| Season | Revenue per month | Occupancy | Nightly rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| High seasonMay–August | ₴15,600 | 27% | ₴1,813 |
| Shoulder seasonApril, October | ₴12,900 | 26% | ₴1,757 |
| Low seasonSeptember, November–March | ₴10,800 | 23% | ₴1,746 |
Guests book Dnipro stays 8 days ahead on average, so many trips are booked close to arrival. April stays are booked furthest out, about 11 days ahead, and February stays closest to arrival, about 4 days.
April stays are booked furthest ahead
Average days between booking and check-in, by month of stay, September 2024 to August 2026
Permits
None of the 128 active listings in Dnipro display a registration, permit or license number. That doesn't mean no rules apply: some places don't ask hosts to show a number on the listing, and listing data doesn't capture every scheme.
Registration, permit, zoning and tourist-tax rules vary by address and change often, so confirm them with the local authority before buying or listing in Dnipro.
Neighborhoods
AirROI's area guide picks eight Dnipro neighborhoods that draw short-term rental guests, led by City Center, Historical District and Sicheslavskaya Embankment. The picks reflect guest appeal, not earnings data or permit eligibility, so check local permit rules for a specific address before buying.
| Area | Who it suits | Landmarks nearby |
|---|---|---|
| City Center | The heart of Dnipro, bustling with activity, shops, and attractions. Ideal for tourists and business travelers seeking convenience and accessibility to key sites. | Dnipro Opera and Ballet Theatre, Taras Shevchenko Park, Gulliver Shopping Mall, Dnipropetrovsk Regional Museum of Ukrainian Art, Menorah Centre |
| Historical District | Rich in history and culture, this area features beautiful architecture and is close to many cultural sites. Perfect for tourists interested in exploring Dnipro’s heritage. | Transfiguration Cathedral, Yavornytskyi Avenue, The Museum of the History of the Southern Railway, The National Historical Museum of Dnipro, The Tsentralny Bridge |
| Sicheslavskaya Embankment | A picturesque waterfront area offering scenic views and recreational activities. Popular among locals and visitors for its parks and leisure spaces along the Dnipro River. | Sicheslavskaya Embankment, River Dnipro, City beach, Entertainment complexes, Karaite Kenesa |
| Pokrovsky District | This residential area is gaining popularity among tourists for its affordable accommodations and proximity to public transport, shopping, and local dining options. | Shopping malls, Local markets, Public parks, Cafés and eateries |
| Victory Park | A large park known for its green spaces and memorials. Attracts nature lovers and families, providing a serene environment amidst the urban setting. | Victory Park, Memorial to the Victims of the Holodomor, Recreational pathways, Playgrounds |
| Dniprodzerzhynsk | A suburban area with a local feel, offering a mix of industrial history and nature. Suitable for guests looking for a quieter stay with easy access to Dnipro city. | Dniester River, Local parks, Historical monuments, Art installations |
| Kryvyi Rih | Although slightly further away, it represents a growing area for tourists looking to explore industrial landscapes and local culture. Unique investing potential due to emerging tourism. | Kryvyi Rih Historical Museum, City parks, Industrial heritage sites |
| Industrial Park | With the rise of business tourism, this area is ideal for Airbnb hosts targeting business professionals and industrial visitors due to its proximity to factories and corporate offices. | Local businesses, Conference centers, Transport hubs |
Area descriptions are AI-assisted from public sources and are not checked against zoning.
Listings
Almost every Airbnb in Dnipro is an entire home: 97% of listings, with private rooms at 3%. Apartments and condos account for over 99% of the stock; houses come next at under 1%.
Nearly all listings rent the whole place
Dnipro Airbnb listings by room type
| Room type | Share of listings | Listings |
|---|---|---|
| Entire home | 96.9% | 124 |
| Private room | 3.1% | 4 |
Apartments dominate the property mix
Dnipro Airbnb listings by property type
| Property type | Share of listings | Listings |
|---|---|---|
| Apartment/Condo | 99.2% | 127 |
| House | 0.8% | 1 |
Dnipro's homes run small: studios and one-bedrooms make up 79% of entire homes, and only 2% of homes have three or more bedrooms. Shares are of the 114 entire homes that give a bedroom count; rented rooms are left out.
Dnipro entire homes by number of bedrooms
Entire homes with each number of bedrooms, of those with a bedroom count on file
| Bedrooms | Share of entire homes with a bedroom count | Entire homes |
|---|---|---|
| Studio | 27.2% | 31 |
| 1 bedroom | 51.8% | 59 |
| 2 bedrooms | 19.3% | 22 |
| 3 bedrooms | 1.8% | 2 |
A typical studio in Dnipro earned ₴18,400 over the past year, against ₴37,700 for a two-bedroom home.
| Home size | Listings | Typical annual revenue (median) | Average annual revenue | Avg. nightly rate | Occupancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studio | 31 | ₴18,400 | ₴54,800 | ₴1,539 | 19% |
| 1 bedroom | 59 | ₴48,000 | ₴81,600 | ₴1,595 | 24% |
| 2 bedrooms | 22 | ₴37,700 | ₴62,200 | ₴2,131 | 21% |
Most Dnipro listings are sized for couples and small families: 94% sleep four guests or fewer, and fewer than 1% take eight or more.
Dnipro listings by guest capacity
Share of listings by the number of guests they sleep
| Guest capacity | Share of listings | Listings |
|---|---|---|
| 2 guests | 32.0% | 40 |
| 3 guests | 29.6% | 37 |
| 4 guests | 32.0% | 40 |
| 5 guests | 3.2% | 4 |
| 6 guests | 2.4% | 3 |
| 8+ guests | 0.8% | 1 |
Dnipro hosts set up an average of 1.7 beds per listing. Only 36% of listings show their exact location on the listing map; the rest show an approximate area.
Washers are close to standard in Dnipro: 87% of listings have one, and 48% offer self check-in.
Share of Dnipro listings with each common amenity
Listings in Dnipro with outdoor furniture earned about 3.3 times as much a year, on average, as those without: ₴184,000 against ₴56,500. The gap is smaller for a mosquito net (about 2.7 times as much) and a waterfront setting (about 2.5 times as much). Bigger, professionally run homes tend to carry more amenities, so these gaps reflect the kind of listing as much as the feature itself.
Revenue gap for Dnipro listings with each amenity
How much more listings with the amenity earned in a year than those without, and the share of listings that have it
| Amenity | Listings with it | Avg. revenue with | Avg. revenue without | Revenue gap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor furniture | 8% | ₴184,000 | ₴56,500 | +225% |
| Mosquito net | 30% | ₴117,000 | ₴44,100 | +166% |
| Waterfront | 15% | ₴137,000 | ₴54,100 | +154% |
| Self check-in | 48% | ₴96,300 | ₴39,200 | +146% |
| Free street parking | 41% | ₴94,200 | ₴46,800 | +101% |
| Dedicated workspace | 41% | ₴91,400 | ₴48,800 | +87% |
| Patio or balcony | 30% | ₴89,600 | ₴56,300 | +59% |
| Gym | 8% | ₴98,200 | ₴63,700 | +54% |
| Paid parking off premises | 43% | ₴82,900 | ₴54,000 | +53% |
| Elevator | 41% | ₴82,500 | ₴55,100 | +50% |
Guests
Dnipro splits its demand between home and abroad: 45% of guests who left reviews live outside Ukraine, led by visitors from the United States and the United Kingdom. Guests speak a mix of languages: English leads at 37%, followed by Ukrainian and Russian.
55% of Dnipro guests are domestic
Where guests who left reviews live
Where Dnipro guests come from: top cities
Share of guests who left reviews
| Origin city | Share of guests |
|---|---|
| Kyiv | 23.7% |
| Dnipro | 7.2% |
| Kharkiv | 5.0% |
| Lviv | 5.0% |
| Pretoria | 4.3% |
Where Dnipro guests come from: top countries
Share of guests who left reviews
| Origin country | Share of guests |
|---|---|
| Ukraine | 55.0% |
| United States | 11.4% |
| United Kingdom | 4.7% |
| South Africa | 4.0% |
| Canada | 3.4% |
Languages spoken by Dnipro guests
Share of guests who left reviews
| Language | Share of guests |
|---|---|
| English | 37.4% |
| Ukrainian | 22.9% |
| Russian | 14.5% |
| French | 4.7% |
| German | 4.4% |
Dnipro Airbnbs average 4.87 stars, and 43% of listings hold Airbnb's Guest Favorite badge. The category scores are tightly bunched, and cleanliness is the lowest, at 4.84.
Communication scores highest in Dnipro; cleanliness is lowest
Average guest rating out of 5 by category; the bars start at 4.0
| Category | Average rating (out of 5) |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 4.90 |
| Cleanliness | 4.84 |
| Communication | 4.94 |
| Location | 4.87 |
| Check-in | 4.93 |
| Value | 4.85 |
Booking patterns
Nearly all Dnipro listings are open to guests more than 180 days a year, but only 4% are booked or blocked that many days. The most common booked-or-blocked total is 1 to 30 days a year, covering 65% of listings; blocked nights include any the host closes off.
Days a year Dnipro listings are open to guests
Share of listings by days a year
| Days a year | Share of listings | Listings |
|---|---|---|
| 271-366 days | 89.1% | 114 |
| 181-270 days | 7.0% | 9 |
| 91-180 days | 3.9% | 5 |
Days a year Dnipro listings are booked or blocked
Share of listings by days a year
| Days a year | Share of listings | Listings |
|---|---|---|
| 181-270 days | 3.9% | 5 |
| 91-180 days | 7.8% | 10 |
| 31-90 days | 23.4% | 30 |
| 1-30 days | 64.8% | 83 |
The average Dnipro booking lasts 4.7 nights, longest in June and shortest in February. Listings took about 7 bookings each over the year. More than half of listings that give a check-in time set it at 2 p.m., with check-out usually at noon.
Average length of stay by month in Dnipro
Average nights per booking, by month of stay
Two-year average by calendar month.
About eight in ten listings in Dnipro accept stays of one or two nights.
Minimum stay set by Dnipro listings
Share of listings by the shortest stay they accept, from one night to 30 or more
Flexible is the most common cancellation policy in Dnipro, used by 51% of listings; it refunds guests in full if they cancel at least a day before check-in. Hosts here lean flexible: about nine in ten listings offer Flexible or Moderate terms, against 9% on Firm or stricter ones.
Cancellation policies of Dnipro listings, from most to least flexible
Share of listings by the policy they use
More than four in ten Dnipro listings charge a cleaning fee. Fees here tend to be small: for listings that charge one, cleaning fees make up only about 3% of gross revenue.
Top earners
The top-grossing Airbnb in Dnipro, a one-bedroom unit, took in ₴427,000 over the past year, about 6.4 times the city's average of ₴66,400.
Modern apartment near the park Entire home · 1 bedroom Rated 5.00
Lovely place Entire home Rated 4.85
Green studio apartment Most City area Entire home · 1 bedroom Rated 4.94
Eco Studio Entire home · 1 bedroom Rated 4.82
Apart 47 with sunset view Entire home · 1 bedroom Rated 4.95
Family 2 bedroom apartment Most-City area Entire home · 2 bedrooms Rated 4.93 Albina is the top-grossing host in Dnipro, with ₴1.55 million in bookings across 9 listings over the past year. The market is concentrated: the ten top-grossing hosts run 52% of its 128 listings. Per listing, a smaller operator earns more: Victoria grossed ₴274,000 per listing, 59% more than Albina's ₴172,000.
| # | Host | Listings | Gross revenue | Per listing | Avg. rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albina | 9 | ₴1,545,699 | ₴171,744 | 4.94/5 | |
| Victoria | 5 | ₴1,368,708 | ₴273,742 | 4.98/5 | |
| Юлія | 9 | ₴1,059,899 | ₴117,767 | 4.95/5 | |
| 4 | Anatoliy | 6 | ₴728,395 | ₴121,399 | 4.77/5 |
| 5 | Юрій | 22 | ₴476,105 | ₴21,641 | 4.80/5 |
| 6 | Nataliia | 2 | ₴323,678 | ₴161,839 | 5.00/5 |
| 7 | Наталья | 8 | ₴309,201 | ₴38,650 | 4.87/5 |
| 8 | Тетяна | 1 | ₴208,467 | ₴208,467 | 4.94/5 |
| 9 | Rostyslav | 1 | ₴192,424 | ₴192,424 | 4.93/5 |
| 10 | Лілія | 3 | ₴175,034 | ₴58,345 | 5.00/5 |
Only 3% of Dnipro listings are classed as professionally managed. 73% of listings are run by Superhosts, so a strong review record is the norm here rather than an edge. Airbnb's Simplified Pricing, where the host pays the whole service fee and guests see one price with no separate Airbnb charge, covers 65% of listings.
FAQ
An active Dnipro Airbnb grossed ₴66,430 on average in the 12 months to September 2026, according to AirROI's tracking of 128 active listings. That is before cleaning, management, taxes and financing. Busier, better-run listings do far better: the top quarter took in ₴17,900 or more in a typical month.
It depends most on the home's size, location and how it's run. The middle half of Dnipro listings earn between ₴3,390 and ₴17,900 in a typical month, and the top tenth ₴30,300 or more. For one home, enter its address and bedroom count in the Airbnb income calculator: it compares the home with similar listings nearby.
Listings in Dnipro were booked on 22% of available nights over the past year. That compares with 26% for the national average. August is usually the busiest month.
The average booked night in Dnipro cost ₴1,656 before fees. Half of listings charge between ₴1,250 and ₴2,075, so bedroom count and location move the price more than the average suggests.
None of the active Dnipro listings display a registration, permit or license number. That doesn't mean no rules apply, so confirm registration, permit and tourist-tax rules with the local authority before buying.
It can be, as extra income from a home or room you already have. The average Dnipro Airbnb grossed ₴66,430 in the 12 months to September 2026, 42% below the national average of ₴115,211, counting listings open only part of the year, and a listing at the top-quarter mark, run by its owner with the cleaning fee covering the cleaner and everyday costs for Airbnb's fee, utilities, supplies, upkeep and insurance, keeps about ₴8,690 a month. Check a specific home in the Airbnb calculator.
July usually pays best, averaging ₴18,200 per active listing over the past two years, and December usually pays least. The month-by-month table above shows how the latest 12 months played out.
Each night a Dnipro listing was open to book earned ₴357 on average over the past year, booked or not. That figure, revenue per available night (RevPAR), folds price and occupancy into one number; the top 10% of listings made ₴708 or more.
Dnipro stays were booked 8 days before arrival on average over the past year, so a listing can still fill close to the date.
The average Dnipro Airbnb stay lasted 4.7 nights over the past year. A listing took 7 reservations over the year on average.
Guests rate Dnipro Airbnbs 4.87 out of 5 on average. Guests score communication highest and cleanliness lowest.
City Center, Historical District and Sicheslavskaya Embankment draw the most short-term rental interest in Dnipro. The neighborhood guide explains what brings guests to each.
AirROI counted 128 active Airbnb listings in Dnipro as of September 2026.
In Dnipro, more than four in ten listings add a cleaning fee, and the fees tend to be small: for listings that charge one, they make up only about 3% of gross revenue.
Method
Figures on this page cover 128 active Airbnb listings in Dnipro from October 2025 to September 2026 (trailing twelve months). AirROI refreshes them monthly from listing-level booking and calendar data covering 20+ million properties worldwide. AirROI measures bookings in US dollars; this page shows them in Ukrainian hryvnias at ₴43.5 per US$, the typical rate from October 2025 to September 2026. Annual revenue averages every listing active during the period, including those listed for only part of it; monthly figures average the listings active in each month; the tier lists show the spread. Neighborhood descriptions are AI-assisted. See the methodology for definitions.
Need this programmatically? The same metrics are available through the AirROI Airbnb Data API and bulk downloads in the data portal.